Medical Journal Articles

Links open Pubmed abstract or full article (if available)

Incidence of hypospadias/epispadias

The estimated prevalence of hypospadias in Hokkaido, Japan (2004) 

Prevalence of hypospadias and other genital anomalies among singleton births, 1988-1997, in Scotland (2004)

Surgical issues

Home-dilatation of the urethral meatus in boys (2004)

Hypospadias surgery: a 10-year review (2004)

Is prophylactic antimicrobial treatment necessary after hypospadias repair? (2004)

Efficacy of polydimethylsiloxane injection to the bladder neck and leaking diverting stoma for urinary continence (2004).

Classification of prepuce in hypospadias according to morphological abnormalities and their impact on hypospadias repair (2004)

Mutually gratifying heterosexual relationship with micropenis of husband (1988).

Psychosocial/sexual adjustment

Sexual behavior and sexual function of adults after hypospadias surgery: a comparative study (2004)

Psychosocial adaptation of middle childhood boys with hypospadias after genital surgery (2001).

Sexual and social life of men operated in childhood for hypospadias and phimosis. A comparative study (2000).

Psychosexual and psychosocial development of patients with hypospadias (1997).

Psychosexual adjustment of children and adolescents after different types of hypospadias surgery: a norm-related study (1995).

Examination of possible causes

A case-control study on risk factors of hypospadias (2004)

Lack of defects in androgen production in children with hypospadias (2004)

Endocrine disruption and hypospadias (2004)

Evaluation of an association between loratadine and hypospadias--United States, 1997-2001 (2004) <link to full CDC report>

Hypospadias and Endocrine Disruption: Is There a Connection? (2001)

In vitro fertilization is associated with an increased risk of hypospadias (1999)

Basic Research 

Bidirectional signaling mediated by ephrin-B2 and EphB2 controls urorectal development (2004)